MK 1903Potent and selective GPR109A (HCA2) agonist CAS# 1268882-43-4 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
3D structure
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| Cas No. | 1268882-43-4 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 49763030 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C8H8N2O2 | M.Wt | 164.16 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | Soluble to 100 mM in DMSO and to 50 mM in ethanol | ||
| SMILES | C1C2C1C3=C(C2)C(=NN3)C(=O)O | ||
| Standard InChIKey | CUTZNERBKDMLAP-QWWZWVQMSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C8H8N2O2/c11-8(12)7-5-2-3-1-4(3)6(5)9-10-7/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m1/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Potent and selective hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2, GPR109A) full agonist; exhibits greater potency than niacin in a whole cell HTRF-cAMP assay (EC50 values are 12.9 and 51 nM respectively). Exhibits no binding at the GRP109B receptor. |
MK 1903 Dilution Calculator
MK 1903 Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | 121.8324 mL | 152.2904 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | 24.3665 mL | 30.4581 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | 15.229 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6092 mL | 1.2183 mL | 2.4366 mL | 3.0458 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3046 mL | 0.6092 mL | 1.2183 mL | 1.5229 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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(1aR,5aR)1a,3,5,5a-Tetrahydro-1H-2,3-diaza-cyclopropa[a]pentalene-4-carboxylic acid (MK-1903): a potent GPR109a agonist that lowers free fatty acids in humans.[Pubmed:22435740]
J Med Chem. 2012 Apr 26;55(8):3644-66.
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR109a is a molecular target for nicotinic acid and is expressed in adipocytes, spleen, and immune cells. Nicotinic acid has long been used for the treatment of dyslipidemia due to its capacity to positively affect serum lipids to a greater extent than other currently marketed drugs. We report a series of tricyclic pyrazole carboxylic acids that are potent and selective agonists of GPR109a. Compound R,R-19a (MK-1903) was advanced through preclinical studies, was well tolerated, and presented no apparent safety concerns. Compound R,R-19a was advanced into a phase 1 clinical trial and produced a robust decrease in plasma free fatty acids. On the basis of these results, R,R-19a was evaluated in a phase 2 study in humans. Because R,R-19a produced only a weak effect on serum lipids as compared with niacin, we conclude that the beneficial effects of niacin are most likely the result of an undefined GPR109a independent pathway.
Niacin lipid efficacy is independent of both the niacin receptor GPR109A and free fatty acid suppression.[Pubmed:22914621]
Sci Transl Med. 2012 Aug 22;4(148):148ra115.
Nicotinic acid (niacin) induces beneficial changes in serum lipoproteins and has been associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects. Niacin reduces low-density lipoprotein, increases high-density lipoprotein, and decreases triglycerides. It is well established that activation of the seven-transmembrane G(i)-coupled receptor GPR109A on Langerhans cells results in release of prostaglandin D(2), which mediates the well-known flushing side effect of niacin. Niacin activation of GPR109A on adipocytes also mediates the transient reduction of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels characteristic of niacin, which has been long hypothesized to be the mechanism underlying the changes in the serum lipid profile. We tested this "FFA hypothesis" and the hypothesis that niacin lipid efficacy is mediated via GPR109A by dosing mice lacking GPR109A with niacin and testing two novel, full GPR109A agonists, MK-1903 and SCH900271, in three human clinical trials. In mice, the absence of GPR109A had no effect on niacin's lipid efficacy despite complete abrogation of the anti-lipolytic effect. Both MK-1903 and SCH900271 lowered FFAs acutely in humans; however, neither had the expected effects on serum lipids. Chronic FFA suppression was not sustainable via GPR109A agonism with niacin, MK-1903, or SCH900271. We conclude that the GPR109A receptor does not mediate niacin's lipid efficacy, challenging the long-standing FFA hypothesis.
