PHM 27 (human)Potent calcitonin receptor agonist; endogenous analog of human VIP CAS# 118025-43-7 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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| Cas No. | 118025-43-7 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 16133840 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C135H214N34O40S | M.Wt | 2985.44 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Synonyms | Peptide histidine methionine 27 (human), Human PHI 27 | ||
| Solubility | Soluble to 1 mg/ml in 5% acetonitrile / water | ||
| Sequence | HADGVFTSDFSKLLGQLSAKKYLESLM (Modifications: Met-27 = C-terminal amide) | ||
| SMILES | CC(C)CC(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC4=CNC=N4)N | ||
| Standard InChIKey | YLBIOQUUAYXLJJ-WZUUGAJWSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C135H214N34O40S/c1-68(2)49-89(155-124(198)92(52-71(7)8)156-118(192)86(35-25-28-47-138)152-131(205)100(64-171)166-127(201)94(54-77-29-19-17-20-30-77)161-128(202)98(59-108(183)184)162-133(207)102(66-173)167-135(209)110(76(15)174)169-129(203)96(55-78-31-21-18-22-32-78)163-134(208)109(73(11)12)168-105(178)62-144-116(190)97(58-107(181)182)154-113(187)74(13)146-114(188)82(139)57-80-60-142-67-145-80)115(189)143-61-104(177)148-87(40-42-103(140)176)120(194)157-93(53-72(9)10)125(199)165-99(63-170)130(204)147-75(14)112(186)150-84(33-23-26-45-136)117(191)151-85(34-24-27-46-137)119(193)160-95(56-79-36-38-81(175)39-37-79)126(200)158-91(51-70(5)6)123(197)153-88(41-43-106(179)180)121(195)164-101(65-172)132(206)159-90(50-69(3)4)122(196)149-83(111(141)185)44-48-210-16/h17-22,29-32,36-39,60,67-76,82-102,109-110,170-175H,23-28,33-35,40-59,61-66,136-139H2,1-16H3,(H2,140,176)(H2,141,185)(H,142,145)(H,143,189)(H,144,190)(H,146,188)(H,147,204)(H,148,177)(H,149,196)(H,150,186)(H,151,191)(H,152,205)(H,153,197)(H,154,187)(H,155,198)(H,156,192)(H,157,194)(H,158,200)(H,159,206)(H,160,193)(H,161,202)(H,162,207)(H,163,208)(H,164,195)(H,165,199)(H,166,201)(H,167,209)(H,168,178)(H,169,203)(H,179,180)(H,181,182)(H,183,184)/t74-,75-,76+,82-,83-,84-,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,109-,110-/m0/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Endogenous peptide product of human prepro-VIP and analog of porcine PHI-27; potent agonist for the human calcitonin receptor (EC50 = 11 nM). Transgenic mice expressing the human VIP/PHM 27 gene in pancreatic β-islets display enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. |
PHM 27 (human) Dilution Calculator
PHM 27 (human) Molarity Calculator
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Chromosomal assignment of human VIP/PHM-27 gene to 6q26----q27 region by spot blot hybridization and in situ hybridization.[Pubmed:3202886]
Biochem Int. 1988 Sep;17(3):555-62.
We determined the chromosomal location of the human VIP/PHM-27 gene in two different ways. First, we performed chromosome sorting with a cell sorter. Sufficient numbers of chromosomes for sorting were obtained by cultivating peripheral blood lymphocytes with interleukin-2. Spot blot hybridization of a molecularly cloned fragment of the gene to the sorted chromosomes revealed that this gene is located on chromosome 6. To define the location more precisely, in situ hybridization of the same fragment to the metaphase spreads was then performed, and human VIP/PHM-27 gene was assigned to a region near the terminus of the long arm of chromosome 6 (q26----q27).
Discovery of novel peptide/receptor interactions: identification of PHM-27 as a potent agonist of the human calcitonin receptor.[Pubmed:15013843]
Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 1;67(7):1279-84.
Many naturally occurring peptides exhibit a high degree of promiscuity across G-protein coupled receptor subtypes. The degree to which this phenomenon occurs, and its physiological significance is not well characterized. In addition, many 'orphan' peptides exist for which there are no known receptors. Therefore, to identify novel interactions between biologically active peptides and G-protein coupled receptors, a library of nearly 200 peptides was screened against the human calcitonin (hCTr), human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH1R), human Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF1), and the human Glucagon-like peptide (GLP1) receptors using a cell-based functional assay (Receptor Selection and Amplification Technology). Functional profiling revealed that the 'orphan peptide' PHM-27 selectively activated the hCTr; no activity was observed at the PTH1, CRF1, or GLP1 receptors. PHM-27 was a potent agonist at the hCTr, with similar efficacy as human calcitonin, and a potency of 11 nM. These results were confirmed in cyclic AMP assays. Responses to calcitonin and PHM-27 could be suppressed by the antagonist salmon calcitonin (8-32). In competition binding studies, salmon calcitonin (8-32), calcitonin, and PHM-27 were each able to inhibit (125)I-calcitonin from cell membranes containing transiently expressed hCTr. These results indicate that the orphan peptide PHM-27 is a potent agonist at the hCTr.
Transgenic mice overexpressing human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene in pancreatic beta cells. Evidence for improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion by VIP and PHM-27 in vivo.[Pubmed:8063743]
J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 19;269(33):21223-8.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid peptide hormone, plays many physiological roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It has been proposed that endogenous VIP released from VIP-containing nerves is involved in the regulation of the secretory function of the endocrine pancreas. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we produced transgenic mice carrying the human VIP/peptide histidine methionine 27 (PHM-27) gene under the control of insulin promoter. In immunohistochemical analyses of islets, all the islet beta cells of transgenic mice were intensely stained for both VIP and PHM-27, consistent with the fact that these two peptides are encoded in a single mRNA (Itoh, N., Obata, K., Yanaihara, N., and Okamoto, H. (1983) Nature 304, 547-549). VIP was efficiently secreted from isolated transgenic islets in vitro. The blood glucose assays in free-fed mice indicated that the transgene lowered the blood glucose levels of transgenic mice (128 +/- 4 mg/dl) by about 20% below control levels (155 +/- 6 mg/dl). In the glucose tolerance test, at 60 min after glucose administration, the transgenic blood glucose levels (129 +/- 12 mg/dl) were much lower than control levels (175 +/- 13 mg/dl). The transgenic serum insulin levels at 15 min after glucose administration were 2.5-3.0-fold higher than control levels. The transgene was also effective in ameliorating glucose intolerance of 70% depancreatized mice. These results indicate that VIP and PHM-27 produced from the transgenic beta cells efficiently enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion from beta cells by an autocrine mechanism. These results also suggest that genetic manipulation of islet beta cells by the human VIP/PHM-27 gene or delivery of VIP to beta cells may ultimately provide a valuable approach to enhancing insulin secretion in clinical diabetes.
Gene expression and transcript size of the prepro-peptide VIP/PHM-27 in normal human tissue.[Pubmed:8152582]
Neurosci Lett. 1993 Dec 24;164(1-2):101-4.
The transcript size of VIP/PHM-27 mRNA (vasoactive intestinal peptide/peptide histidine methionine) and the relative distribution of VIP/PHM-27 gene expression in 10 normal human tissues was examined. After mRNA extraction from tissue, VIP/PHM-27 transcript size and relative abundance of mRNA was determined by Northern blot analysis and densitometry of the autoradiograms. VIP/PHM-27 mRNA was detectable in brain, pancreas, colon, ileum and striated muscle while no hybridization signal was observed in liver, kidney, lung, heart, prostate and placental tissue. VIP/PHM-27 transcript in human brain and gut was a single band of 1.7 kb; by contrast, a 7.0-kb transcript was detected in striated skeletal muscle. The highest relative levels of mRNA were observed in brain and pancreas.
Human preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide contains a novel PHI-27-like peptide, PHM-27.[Pubmed:6571696]
Nature. 1983 Aug 11-17;304(5926):547-9.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from porcine duodenum, is present not only in gastrointestinal tissues but also in neural tissues, possibly as a neurotransmitter, and exhibits a wide range of biological actions (for example, relaxation of smooth muscle, stimulation of intestinal water and electrolyte secretion and release of insulin, glucagon and several anterior pituitary hormones). As the structure of porcine and bovine VIP shows several similarities to those of mammalian glucagon, secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), VIP is considered to be a member of the glucagon-secretin family. Recently, we have found that VIP is synthesized from a precursor, pro-VIP (molecular weight (Mr) 17,500), in human neuroblastoma cells and that the primary translation product of the mRNA encoding VIP is prepro-VIP (Mr 20,000). In an attempt to elucidate the primary structure of the precursor, we have now cloned the DNA sequence complementary to the mRNA coding for human VIP and analysed the nucleotide sequence. The entire amino acid sequence of the precursor, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, indicates that the precursor protein contains not only VIP but also a novel peptide of 27 amino acids. The peptide, designated PHM-27, differs by only 2 amino acids from PHI-27, a peptide recently isolated from porcine intestine, and is also closely related in sequence to VIP.
