TGR5 Receptor AgonistTGR5 G-protein receptor agonist CAS# 1197300-24-5 |
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| Cas No. | 1197300-24-5 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 44605616 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C18H14Cl2N2O2 | M.Wt | 361.22 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | DMSO : ≥ 48 mg/mL (132.88 mM) *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. | ||
| Chemical Name | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | ||
| SMILES | CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)N(C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl | ||
| Standard InChIKey | IGRCWJPBLWGNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C18H14Cl2N2O2/c1-11-16(17(21-24-11)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20)18(23)22(2)13-9-7-12(19)8-10-13/h3-10H,1-2H3 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | TGR5 Receptor Agonist, a potent TGR5(GPCR19) agonist, showed improved potency in the U2-OS cell assay (pEC50 = 6.8) and in melanophore cells (pEC50 = 7.5).
IC50 value: 6.8 (pEC50, U2-OS cell assay); 7.5(pEC50, melanophore cell) [1]
Target: TGR5
TGR5 Receptor Agonist was profiled against more than 100 in-house and external 7TM, ion channel, enzyme, transporter, and nuclear hormone receptor selectivity assays, including FXR, another bile acid receptor, and showed significant response only in secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha (pIC50 = 6.8) in human primary monocytes following stimulation with LPS (lipopolysaccharide). In addition, TGR5 Receptor Agonist has good physicochemical properties and no measurable activity against three of the common cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms (1A2, 2C9, and 2D6) or hERG dofetilide binding (pIC50 <4.3).
In rat pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, however, TGR5 Receptor Agonist showed high in vivo clearance (Cl = 85 mL/min/kg) and intrinsic clearance (Clint = 48 mL/min/g) which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed poor exposure. Because the TGR5 receptor is expressed in the GI tract at levels that increase corresponding with L-cell population density, we believe that agonists such as 6 and 7 possessing poor systemic exposure are good tool compounds for directly targeting the TGR5 receptor in the GI tract via local administration (vide infra) rather than systemic exposure. Our hypothesis was that for this receptor, systemic exposure was not necessary to achieve the desired effect of stimulating GLP-1 secretion in vivo [1]. References: | |||||
TGR5 Receptor Agonist Dilution Calculator
TGR5 Receptor Agonist Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7684 mL | 13.842 mL | 27.684 mL | 55.3679 mL | 69.2099 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5537 mL | 2.7684 mL | 5.5368 mL | 11.0736 mL | 13.842 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2768 mL | 1.3842 mL | 2.7684 mL | 5.5368 mL | 6.921 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0554 mL | 0.2768 mL | 0.5537 mL | 1.1074 mL | 1.3842 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0277 mL | 0.1384 mL | 0.2768 mL | 0.5537 mL | 0.6921 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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TGR5 Receptor Agonist is a potent and selective agonist of TGR5 G-protein receptor with a pEC50 value of 6.8 in the U2-OS cell assay [1].
TGR5 Receptor Agonist has been shown the activated potency of TGR5 receptor with pEC50 values of 6.8 and 7.5 in the U2-OS cells and melanophire cells assay, respectively. In addition, TGR5 Receptor Agonist has been found to be fully specific for the human TGR5 receptor in the U2-OS and melanophore cell lines and also selective against other 7TM receptors. Besides, TGR5 Receptor Agonist has been reported to have physicochemical properties and no measurable activity against the common cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms or hERG dofetilide binding with a pIC50 value of <4.3.
References:
[1] Evans KA1, Budzik BW, Ross SA, Wisnoski DD, Jin J, Rivero RA, Vimal M, Szewczyk GR, Jayawickreme C, Moncol DL, Rimele TJ, Armour SL, Weaver SP, Griffin RJ, Tadepalli SM, Jeune MR, Shearer TW, Chen ZB, Chen L, Anderson DL, Becherer JD, De Los Frailes M, Colilla FJ. Discovery of 3-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxamides as TGR5 receptor agonists. J Med Chem. 2009 Dec 24;52(24):7962-5.
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Reduction of epithelial secretion in male rat distal colonic mucosa by bile acid receptor TGR5 agonist, INT-777: role of submucosal neurons.[Pubmed:27259385]
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Nov;28(11):1663-1676.
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence from rat neuron-free mucosa study suggests that the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5 decreases colonic secretion under basal and stimulated conditions. As submucosal neurons are key players in secretory processes and highly express TGR5, we investigated their role in TGR5 agonist-induced inhibition of secretion and the pathways recruited. METHODS: TGR5 expression and localization were assessed in rat proximal (pC) and distal (dC) colon by qPCR and immunohistochemistry with double labeling for cholinergic neurons in whole-mount preparations. The influence of a selective (INT-777) or weak (ursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA) TGR5 agonist on colonic secretion was assessed in Ussing chambers, in dC preparation removing seromuscular +/- submucosal tissues, in the presence of different inhibitors of secretion pathways. KEY RESULTS: TGR5 mRNA is expressed in full thickness dC and pC and immunoreactivity is located in colonocytes and pChAT-positive neurons. Addition of INT-777, and less potently UDCA, decreased colonic secretion in seromuscular stripped dC by -58.17+/- 2.6%. INT-777 effect on basal secretion was reduced in neuron-free and TTX-treated mucosal-submucosal preparations. Atropine, hexamethonium, indomethacin, and L-NAME all reduced significantly INT-777's inhibitory effect while the 5-HT4 antagonist, RS-39604, and lidocaine abolished it. INT-777 inhibited stimulated colonic secretion induced by nicotine, but not cisapride, carbachol or PGE2. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: TGR5 activation inhibits basal and stimulated distal colonic secretion in rats by acting directly on epithelial cells and also inhibiting submucosal neurons. This could represent a counter-regulatory mechanism, at the submucosal level, of the known prosecretory effect of bile acids in the colon.
Development of betulinic acid as an agonist of TGR5 receptor using a new in vitro assay.[Pubmed:27578964]
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Aug 22;10:2669-76.
BACKGROUND: G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, also known as TGR5 is known to be involved in glucose homeostasis. In animal models, treatment with a TGR5 agonist induces incretin secretion to reduce hyperglycemia. Betulinic acid, a triterpenoid present in the leaves of white birch, has been introduced as a selective TGR5 agonist. However, direct activation of TGR5 by betulinic acid has not yet been reported. METHODS: Transfection of TGR5 into cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells was performed to establish the presence of TGR5. Additionally, TGR5-specific small interfering RNA was employed to silence TGR5 in cells (NCI-H716 cells) that secreted incretins. Uptake of glucose by CHO-K1 cells was evaluated using a fluorescent indicator. Amounts of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and glucagon-like peptide were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS: Betulinic acid dose-dependently increases glucose uptake by CHO-K1 cells transfected with TGR5 only, which can be considered an alternative method instead of radioligand binding assay. Additionally, signals coupled to TGR5 activation are also increased by betulinic acid in cells transfected with TGR5. In NCI-H716 cells, which endogenously express TGR5, betulinic acid induces glucagon-like peptide secretion via increasing calcium levels. However, the actions of betulinic acid were markedly reduced in NCI-H716 cells that received TGR5-silencing treatment. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the activation of TGR5 by betulinic acid for the first time. CONCLUSION: Similar to the positive control lithocholic acid, which is the established agonist of TGR5, betulinic acid has been characterized as a useful agonist of TGR5 and can be used to activate TGR5 in the future.
TUDCA: An Agonist of the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1/TGR5 With Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Microglial Cells.[Pubmed:27987324]
J Cell Physiol. 2017 Aug;232(8):2231-2245.
Bile acids are steroid acids found in the bile of mammals. The bile acid conjugate tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in different animal models of stroke and neurological diseases. We have previously shown that TUDCA has anti-inflammatory effects on glial cell cultures and in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation. We show now that microglial cells (central nervous system resident macrophages) express the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (GPBAR1/TGR5) in vivo and in vitro. TUDCA binding to GPBAR1/TGR5 caused an increase in intracellular cAMP levels in microglia that induced anti-inflammatory markers, while reducing pro-inflammatory ones. This anti-inflammatory effect of TUDCA was inhibited by small interference RNA for GPBAR1/TGR5 receptor, as well as by treatment with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. In the mouse model of acute neuroinflammation, treating the animals with TUDCA was clearly anti-inflammatory. TUDCA biased the microglial phenotype in vivo and in vitro toward the anti-inflammatory. The bile acid receptor GPBAR1/TGR5 could be a new therapeutic target for pathologies coursing with neuroinflammation and microglia activation, such as traumatic brain injuries, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. TUDCA and other GPBAR1/TGR5 agonists need to be further investigated, to determine their potential in attenuating the neuropathologies associated with microglia activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2231-2245, 2017. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discovery of a Potent and Orally Efficacious TGR5 Receptor Agonist.[Pubmed:26819665]
ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 Nov 20;7(1):51-5.
TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), activation of which promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and modulates insulin secretion. The 2-thio-imidazole derivative 6g was identified as a novel, potent, and selective TGR5 agonist (hTGR5 EC50 = 57 pM, mTGR5 = 62 pM) with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The compound 6g was found to have potent glucose lowering effects in vivo during an oral glucose tolerance test in DIO C57 mice with ED50 of 7.9 mg/kg and ED90 of 29.2 mg/kg.
