GYKI 53655 hydrochloride

Antagonism of recombinant and native GluK3-containing kainate receptors.[Pubmed:18761361]

Neuropharmacology. 2009 Jan;56(1):131-40.

A number of kainate receptor antagonists have shown selectivity for receptors containing the GluK1 subunit. Here, we analyze the effects of these GluK1 antagonists on currents mediated by recombinant homomeric GluK3 and heteromeric GluK2/3 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells and activated by fast application of glutamate. We show that, amongst these compounds, UBP302, UBP310 and UBP316 effectively block recombinant homomeric GluK3 receptors. However, these antagonists are ineffective in blocking homomeric GluK2 or heteromeric GluK2/3 receptors. In addition, these antagonists do not affect presynaptic kainate receptors at mouse hippocampal mossy fibre synapses, which are thought to be composed of GluK2 and GluK3 subunits. Moreover, the AMPA receptor-selective non-competitive antagonist GYKI 53655 blocks, at high concentrations, GluK3-containing receptors and decreases short-term plasticity at mossy fibre synapses. These results expand the range of targets of kainate receptor antagonists and provide pharmacological tools to study the elusive mechanisms of neurotransmitter control by presynaptic kainate receptors.

Comparison of anticonvulsive and acute neuroprotective activity of three 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds, GYKI 52466, GYKI 53405, and GYKI 53655.[Pubmed:11489346]

Brain Res Bull. 2001 Jun;55(3):387-91.

GYKI 52466 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine], a non-competitive AMPA [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate] and kainate receptor antagonist and its two analogues, GYKI 53405 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-acetyl-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzod iazepine] and GYKI 53655 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2, 3-benzodiazepine] were investigated in two seizure models and in MgCl2 induced global cerebral ischaemia, as an acute neuroprotective model. The ED(50) values of GYKI 52466 for suppression of the tonic and clonic phases of sound-induced seizures were 3.6 and 4.3 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding data for GYKI 53405 were 1.1 and 3.1 mg/kg, while ED(50) values of GYKI 53655 were 1.3 and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. The inhibition of seizure evoked by maximal electroshock was also found to be remarkable: the ED(50) values of GYKI 52466 and its two analogues were 6.9, 2.6, and 2.2 mg/kg, respectively. All compounds prolonged the survival times in MgCl2 induced global cerebral ischaemia test in a dose-dependent fashion, with PD(50) (dose of 50% prolongation) values of 24.1, 8.3, and 8.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal, respectively. In audiogenic seizure model the duration of anticonvulsant action of 10 mg/kg GYKI 52466 and 5 mg/kg GYKI 53405, GYKI 53655 were examined, too. The effect of GYKI 52466 decreased to 50% after 2 h, while the analogues showed more than 80% seizure suppression 3 h after treatment. After 6 h the effect of GYKI 53655 decreased to zero, while the effect of GYKI 52466, remained on the 50% level.

Selective antagonism of AMPA receptors unmasks kainate receptor-mediated responses in hippocampal neurons.[Pubmed:7826635]

Neuron. 1995 Jan;14(1):185-9.

Although both protein and mRNAs for kainate receptor subunits are abundant in several brain regions, the responsiveness of AMPA receptors to kainate has made it difficult to demonstrate the presence of functional kainate-type receptors in native cells. Recently, however, we have shown that many hippocampal neurons in culture express glutamate receptors of the kainate type. The large nondesensitizing response that kainate induces at AMPA receptors precludes detection and analysis of smaller, rapidly desensitizing currents induced by kainate at kainate receptors. Consequently, the functional significance of these strongly desensitizing glutamate receptors remains enigmatic. We report here that the family of new noncompetitive antagonists of AMPA receptors (GYKI 52466 and 53655) minimally affects kainate-induced responses at kainate receptors while completely blocking AMPA receptor-mediated currents, making it possible to separate the responses mediated by each receptor. These compounds will allow determination of the role played by kainate receptors in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mammalian brain, as well as evaluation of their involvement in neurotoxicity.