Haloperidol

Antipsychotic drug CAS# 52-86-8

Haloperidol

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Chemical structure

Haloperidol

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Haloperidol

Cas No. 52-86-8 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 3559 Appearance Powder
Formula C21H23ClFNO2 M.Wt 375.86
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (44.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Chemical Name 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one
SMILES C1CN(CCC1(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)O)CCCC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F
Standard InChIKey LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C21H23ClFNO2/c22-18-7-5-17(6-8-18)21(26)11-14-24(15-12-21)13-1-2-20(25)16-3-9-19(23)10-4-16/h3-10,26H,1-2,11-15H2
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Haloperidol

DescriptionHaloperidol is a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, widely used as an antipsychotic.In Vivo:Haloperidol (1 mg) intra-arterially attenuates the dopamine-induced pancreatic secretion. Haloperidol (3 mg) completely inhibits the action of 10 μg of dopamine in the pancreas of the dogs[1]. Haloperidol (10 mg/kg) as well as chlorpromazine (CPZ, 15 mg/kg) blocks mescaline-induced altered behavior within 7 to 10 minutes when injected into the mice 45 minutes after 50 mg/kg (2 µc) of mescaline. Haloperidol has no effect on mescaline disappearance[2].

References:
[1]. Furuta Y, et al. Effects of enzyme inhibitors of catecholamine metabolism and of haloperidol on the pancreatic secretion induced by L-DOPA and by dopamine in dogs. Br J Pharmacol. 1973 Jan;47(1):77-84. [2]. Shah NS, et al. Effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on the disposition of mescaline-14C in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1973 Aug;186(2):297-304.

Protocol

Animal Administration [2]
Male albino mice of Swiss-Webster strain (33-36 g) are used, and all substances are given by i.p. injection in a volume of 0.5 mL. CPZ, haloperidoi and mescaline are all in time form of timeir imydrochlorides and the dose solutions are prepared at concentrations of 1.0, 0.66 and 3.3 mg/mL of 0.9% saline, respectively. The doses are: CPZ, 15 mg/kg; haloperidol, 10 mg/kg; mescaline, 50 mg/kg. Mice are pretreated with either CPZ or haloperidol 30 minutes before administration of mescaline. In some instances CPZ is injected 45 minutes after mescaline. Time animals are hmoused individually in a plexiglas cage and the gross behavior and locomotor activity. At selected intervals after mescaline, groups of mice are sacrificed by decapitation. Plasma is separated and stored at -20°C. The brain, liver, kidney, lung, spleen and heart are frozen on dry ice and stored at -20°C for 18 to 20 hours before they are used for assays.

References:
[1]. Furuta Y, et al. Effects of enzyme inhibitors of catecholamine metabolism and of haloperidol on the pancreatic secretion induced by L-DOPA and by dopamine in dogs. Br J Pharmacol. 1973 Jan;47(1):77-84. [2]. Shah NS, et al. Effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on the disposition of mescaline-14C in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1973 Aug;186(2):297-304.

Haloperidol Dilution Calculator

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Haloperidol Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Haloperidol

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.6606 mL 13.3028 mL 26.6057 mL 53.2113 mL 66.5141 mL
5 mM 0.5321 mL 2.6606 mL 5.3211 mL 10.6423 mL 13.3028 mL
10 mM 0.2661 mL 1.3303 mL 2.6606 mL 5.3211 mL 6.6514 mL
50 mM 0.0532 mL 0.2661 mL 0.5321 mL 1.0642 mL 1.3303 mL
100 mM 0.0266 mL 0.133 mL 0.2661 mL 0.5321 mL 0.6651 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Haloperidol

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug that has similar actions to the antipsychotic medicine phenothiazine [1].

Haloperidol has been reported to play a role as an inverse agonist of dopamine. In addition, Haloperidol has been found to be highlt potent neuroleptic by relieving nervous through the depression of nerve function. Besides, Haloperidol has shown about 50-fold potency than chiorpromazine, the other antipsychotic drug. Haloperidol has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of delusions and hallucinations. These effects are mainly achieved through blockage of dopamine receptors in the mesocortex and limbic system. Haloperidol has been revealed to prevent the effects of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathways, which probably explains the associated side effects such as akathisia and dystonias[1].

References:
[1] Dr Ananya Mandal, MD .Haloperidol Pharmacology.

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References on Haloperidol

Pharmacological assessments of potent A2A receptor antagonist IDPU (1-(7-imino-3-propyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-yl)urea) in rodent model of haloperidol induced Parkinson like symptoms.[Pubmed:28336342]

Neurosci Lett. 2017 Apr 24;647:53-60.

A2A receptor antagonists emerged as potential candidate for management of Parkinson's disease. Earlier we had reported the therapeutic potential of 1-(7-imino-3-propyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-yl) urea (IDPU) as A2A receptor antagonist. Herein, we have investigated the effect of IDPU in attenuation of Haloperidol induced Parkinson like symptoms in rats. It has successfully restored hypo-locomotion induced by Haloperidol and NECA. IDPU also displayed protective effect against oxidative stress induced by chronic Haloperidol treatment in rats. The antidepressant activity of IDPU was determined in mice showed that it imperatively reduced depression like symptoms in well-established depression models viz. TST and FST. Additionally, IDPU was found to be a safe and non-toxic chemical entity in acute, sub-acute and neurotoxicity studies. In silico study of IDPU showed acceptable physicochemical parameters and in vitro screening exhibited satisfactory metabolic stability. This study clearly indicates that A2A receptor antagonist IDPU is able to ameliorate Parkinsonian symptoms without exerting any significant toxicity.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha lipoic acid associated with omega-3 in tardive dyskinesia induced by chronic haloperidol in rats.[Pubmed:28329449]

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017 Jul;95(7):837-843.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is characterized by involuntary movements of the lower portion of the face being related to typical antipsychotic therapy. TD is associated with the oxidative imbalance in the basal ganglia. Lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 (omega-3) are antioxidants acting as enzyme cofactors, regenerating antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of supplementation with LA (100 mg/kg) and omega-3 (1 g/kg) in the treatment of TD induced by chronic use of Haloperidol (HAL) (1 mg/kg) in rats. Wistar male rats were used, weighing between 180-200 g. The animals were treated chronically (31 days) with LA alone or associated with HAL or omega-3. Motor behavior was assessed by open-field test, the catalepsy test, and evaluation of orofacial dyskinesia. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation and concentration of nitrite. LA and omega-3 alone or associated caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open-field test and decreased the permanence time on the bar in the catalepsy test and decreased the orofacial dyskinesia. LA and omega-3 showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels. Thus, the use of LA associated with omega-3 reduced the extrapyramidal effects produced by chronic use of HAL.

Antioxidant effects of rice bran oil mitigate repeated haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in male rats.[Pubmed:28374238]

Metab Brain Dis. 2017 Aug;32(4):1099-1107.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs such as D2 antagonist Haloperidol (HP). The chronic use of HP is involved in the causation of free radicals and/or oxidative stress. In view of the nootropic, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory-like effects of rice bran oil (RBO) in a variety of investigations, we assessed the protective properties of RBO on HP-induced TD and neurochemical alteration. Rats treated with HP orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for a period of 5 weeks developed VCMs which increased progressively as the treatment continued for 5 weeks. Co-administration of RBO by oral tubes at a dose of 0.4 ml/day prevented the induction of HP-induced VCMs. Repeated administration of HP increases the turnover of dopamine metabolism in the striatum. Conversely animals treated with HP + RBO decrease the metabolism of DA than water + HP treated animals. Striatal, malondieldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also determined. It is suggested that beneficial role of RBO in attenuation of HP-induced TD. The results therefore recommended that supplementation of RBO may be useful in the HP-induced TD. The findings have also potential implication in the treatment of schizophrenia and motor disorders.

Description

Haloperidol is a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, widely used as an antipsychotic.

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