Ketone EsterDelaies CNS-OT seizures in rats CAS# 1208313-97-6 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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| Cas No. | 1208313-97-6 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 44631890 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C8H16O4 | M.Wt | 176.21 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Synonyms | Ketone Ester | ||
| Solubility | DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (283.75 mM) H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (189.15 mM; ultrasonic and heat to 60°C) *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. | ||
| Chemical Name | [(3R)-3-hydroxybutyl] (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoate | ||
| SMILES | CC(CCOC(=O)CC(C)O)O | ||
| Standard InChIKey | AOWPVIWVMWUSBD-RNFRBKRXSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C8H16O4/c1-6(9)3-4-12-8(11)5-7(2)10/h6-7,9-10H,3-5H2,1-2H3/t6-,7-/m1/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | BD-AcAc 2, added in diet, could elevated mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin in animals; ketone ester given orally would delay CNS-OT seizures in rats breathing hyperbaric oxygen.
IC50 value:
Target:
a ketone ester given orally as R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester (BD-AcAc(2)) would delay CNS-OT seizures in rats breathing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)). Adult male rats (n = 60) were implanted with radiotelemetry units to measure electroencephalogram (EEG). One week postsurgery, rats were administered a single oral dose of BD-AcAc(2), 1,3-butanediol (BD), or water 30 min before being placed into a hyperbaric chamber and pressurized to 5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) O2 [1]. Beginning at a presymptomatic age, 2 groups of male 3xTgAD mice were fed a diet containing a physiological enantiomeric precursor of ketone bodies (KET) or an isocaloric carbohydrate diet. The results of behavioral tests performed at 4 and 7 months after diet initiation revealed that KET-fed mice exhibited significantly less anxiety in 2 different tests. 3xTgAD mice on the KET diet also exhibited significant, albeit relatively subtle, improvements in performance on learning and memory tests. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that KET-fed mice exhibited decreased Aβ deposition in the subiculum, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, and the amygdala [2]. References: | |||||
Ketone Ester Dilution Calculator
Ketone Ester Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.675 mL | 28.3752 mL | 56.7505 mL | 113.5009 mL | 141.8762 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.135 mL | 5.675 mL | 11.3501 mL | 22.7002 mL | 28.3752 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5675 mL | 2.8375 mL | 5.675 mL | 11.3501 mL | 14.1876 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.1135 mL | 0.5675 mL | 1.135 mL | 2.27 mL | 2.8375 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0568 mL | 0.2838 mL | 0.5675 mL | 1.135 mL | 1.4188 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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Ketone Ester, added in diet, could elevated mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin in animals; ketone ester given orally would delay CNS-OT seizures in rats breathing hyperbaric oxygen.
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Novel ketone body therapy for managing Alzheimer's disease: An Editorial Highlight for Effects of a dietary ketone ester on hippocampal glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids in a 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.[Pubmed:28299805]
J Neurochem. 2017 Apr;141(2):162-164.
Read the highlighted article 'Effects of a dietary Ketone Ester on hippocampal glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids in a 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease' on page 195.
Ketone ester supplementation attenuates seizure activity, and improves behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in an Angelman syndrome mouse model.[Pubmed:27546058]
Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Dec;96:38-46.
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic and neurological disorder presenting with seizures, developmental delay, ataxia, and lack of speech. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress-dependent metabolic dysfunction may underlie the phenotypic deficits reported in the AS mouse model. While the ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to protect against oxidative stress and has successfully treated refractory epilepsy in AS case studies, issues arise due to its strict adherence requirements, in addition to selective eating habits and weight issues reported in patients with AS. We hypothesized that Ketone Ester supplementation would mimic the KD as an anticonvulsant and improve the behavioral and synaptic plasticity deficits in vivo. AS mice were supplemented R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester (KE) ad libitum for eight weeks. KE administration improved motor coordination, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity in AS mice. The KE was also anticonvulsant and altered brain amino acid metabolism in AS treated animals. Our findings suggest that KE supplementation produces sustained ketosis and ameliorates many phenotypes in the AS mouse model, and should be investigated further for future clinical use.
Building Congested Ketone: Substituted Hantzsch Ester and Nitrile as Alkylation Reagents in Photoredox Catalysis.[Pubmed:27622653]
J Am Chem Soc. 2016 Sep 28;138(38):12312-5.
For the first time, 4-alkyl Hantzsch esters were used to construct molecules with all-carbon quaternary centers by visible light-induced photoredox catalysis via transfer alkylation. Up to a 1500 h(-1) turnover frequency was achieved in this reaction. Reactions of 4-alkyl Hantzsch nitriles as tertiary radical donors joined two contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers intermolecularly, and this chemistry was used to synthesize a common precursor of a class of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors.
Effects of a dietary ketone ester on hippocampal glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids in a 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.[Pubmed:28099989]
J Neurochem. 2017 Apr;141(2):195-207.
In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a triple transgenic (3xTgAD) mouse model of AD low glucose metabolism in the brain precedes loss of memory and cognitive decline. The metabolism of ketones in the brain by-passes glycolysis and therefore may correct several deficiencies that are associated with glucose hypometabolism. A dietary supplement composed of an ester of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and R-1,3 butane diol referred to as Ketone Ester (KE) was incorporated into a rodent diet and fed to 3xTgAD mice for 8 months. At 16.5 months of age animals were killed and brains dissected. Analyses were carried out on the hippocampus and frontal cortex for glycolytic and TCA (Tricarboxylic Acid) cycle intermediates, amino acids, oxidized lipids and proteins, and enzymes. There were higher concentrations of d-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the hippocampus of KE-fed mice where there were also higher concentrations of TCA cycle and glycolytic intermediates and the energy-linked biomarker, N-acetyl aspartate compared to controls. In the hippocampi of control-fed animals the free mitochondrial [NAD(+) ]/[NADH] ratio were highly oxidized, whereas, in KE-fed animals the mitochondria were reduced. Also, the levels of oxidized protein and lipids were lower and the energy of ATP hydrolysis was greater compared to controls. 3xTgAD mice maintained on a KE-supplemented diet had higher concentrations of glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolites, a more reduced mitochondrial redox potential, and lower amounts of oxidized lipids and proteins in their hippocampi compared to controls. The KE offers a potential therapy to counter fundamental metabolic deficits common to patients and transgenic models. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 162.
