Ro 31-8220 Mesylate

Ro 31-8220 Mesylate is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 values of 5, 24, 14, 27, and 24 nM for PKC α, PKC βI, PKC βII, PKC γ and PKC ε, respectively [1].

PKC is a monomeric Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent Ser/Thr protein kinases and plays an important role in growth factor-activated signaling and malignant transformation.

Ro 31-8220 Mesylate is a selective inhibitor of PKC. Also, Ro 31-8220 increased growth factor-stimulated expression of c-Jun but inhibited MKP-1 and c-Fos expression. Ro-31-8220 strongly stimulated the stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 in a PKC-independent way [2]. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Ro 31-8220 inhibited the production of mitogen-induced interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2-dependent T lymphoblast proliferation with IC50 values of 80 and 350 nM, respectively. Also, Ro 31-8220 (400 nM) inhibited IL-2Rα (CD25) expression by 27%, which suggested that Ro 31-8220 inhibited early and late T cell activation [3].

In rat adipocytes and L6 myotubes, RO 31-8220 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and glycogen synthase (GS) and stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen. While, RO 31-8220 inhibited the activity of extracellular response kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in a PKC-independent way [4].

References:
[1].  Wilkinson SE, Parker PJ, Nixon JS. Isoenzyme specificity of bisindolylmaleimides, selective inhibitors of protein kinase C. Biochem J, 1993, 294 ( Pt 2): 335-337.
[2].  Beltman J, McCormick F, Cook SJ. The selective protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro-31-8220, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression, induces c-Jun expression, and activates Jun N-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem, 1996, 271(43): 27018-27024.
[3].  Geiselhart L, Conti DJ, Freed BM. RO 31-8220, a novel protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibits early and late T cell activation events. Transplantation, 1996, 61(11): 1637-1642.
[4].  Standaert ML, Bandyopadhyay G, Antwi EK, et al. RO 31-8220 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase and glycogen synthase in rat adipocytes and L6 myotubes. Comparison to actions of insulin.

Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors.[Pubmed:10998351]

Biochem J. 2000 Oct 1;351(Pt 1):95-105.

The specificities of 28 commercially available compounds reported to be relatively selective inhibitors of particular serine/threonine-specific protein kinases have been examined against a large panel of protein kinases. The compounds KT 5720, Rottlerin and quercetin were found to inhibit many protein kinases, sometimes much more potently than their presumed targets, and conclusions drawn from their use in cell-based experiments are likely to be erroneous. Ro 318220 and related bisindoylmaleimides, as well as H89, HA1077 and Y 27632, were more selective inhibitors, but still inhibited two or more protein kinases with similar potency. LY 294002 was found to inhibit casein kinase-2 with similar potency to phosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositol) 3-kinase. The compounds with the most impressive selectivity profiles were KN62, PD 98059, U0126, PD 184352, rapamycin, wortmannin, SB 203580 and SB 202190. U0126 and PD 184352, like PD 98059, were found to block the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in cell-based assays by preventing the activation of MAPK kinase (MKK1), and not by inhibiting MKK1 activity directly. Apart from rapamycin and PD 184352, even the most selective inhibitors affected at least one additional protein kinase. Our results demonstrate that the specificities of protein kinase inhibitors cannot be assessed simply by studying their effect on kinases that are closely related in primary structure. We propose guidelines for the use of protein kinase inhibitors in cell-based assays.

Inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels by Ro 31-8220, a 'specific' protein kinase C inhibitor.[Pubmed:10812087]

FEBS Lett. 2000 May 12;473(2):265-8.

We find that several protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, previously considered to be specific, directly inhibit voltage-dependent Na(+) channels at their useful concentrations. Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 1092037), IX (Ro 31-8220) and V (an inactive analogue), but not H7 (a non-selective isoquinolinesulfonamide protein kinase inhibitor), inhibited Na(+) channels assessed by several independent criteria: Na(+) channel-dependent glutamate release and [(3)H]batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate binding in rat cortical synaptosomes, veratridine-stimulated 22Na(+) influx in CHO cells expressing rat CNaIIa Na(+) channels and Na(+) currents measured in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by whole cell patch-clamp recording. These findings limit the usefulness of the bisindolylmaleimide class PKC inhibitors in excitable cells.

Potent selective inhibitors of protein kinase C.[Pubmed:2532156]

FEBS Lett. 1989 Dec 18;259(1):61-3.

A series of potent, selective inhibitors of protein kinase C has been derived from the structural lead provided by the microbial broth products, staurosporine and K252a. Our inhibitors block PCK in intact cells (platelets and T cells), and prevent the proliferation of mononuclear cells in response to interleukin 2 (IL2).

Ro 31-8220 mesylate is a potent PKC inhibitor, with IC50s of 5, 24, 14, 27, 24 and 23 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ, PKCε and rat brain PKC, respectively. Ro 31-8220 also significantly inhibits MAPKAP-K1b, MSK1, S6K1 and GSK3β (IC50s, 3, 8, 15, and 38 nM, respectively), with no effect on MKK3, MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7.

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