Aldicarb

Aldicarb(OMS771; UC-21149) is a carbamate insecticide; is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse.

[Dynamic behavior of aldicarb and its metabolites in cabbage by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].[Pubmed:27382721]

Se Pu. 2016 Feb;34(2):165-9.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) method was developed for the study of dynamic behavior of Aldicarb and its metabolite residues in cabbage. Aldicarb was applied onto cultivated cabbages. The pesticides concentrations were measured periodically (between application and harvest) , and modeled to illustrate the dynamic behavior. The results showed that the liner ranges of Aldicarb and its metabolites were from 0. 005 to 0. 2 mg/L, and the recoveries ranged from 78. 9% to 108. 5% with the relative standard deviations of 2. 03%- 8. 91% (n = 8). The Aldicarb in cabbage increased at first with the first-order kinetic equation model of c = 0. 020(0.136t) with the correlation coefficient (r2) of 0. 888, and then decreased with the equation of c = 0. 65e(-059t) with the r2 of 0. 979 and the half-life of 29. 1 d. The reducing processes of Aldicarb-sulfone and Aldicarb-sulfoxide both matched the first-order kinetic equations (c = 23. 4e(-0.044t) and c = 4. 54e(-0.027t) with r2 of 0. 916 and 0. 972 respectively. To meet the limitation requirement of 0. 01 mg/kg, 70. 7, 226. 6 and 176. 3 d were respectively necessary for Aldicarb, Aldicarb-sulfone and Aldicarb-sulfoxide. Final residues of Aldicarb-sulfone and Aldicarb-sulfoxide were still more than the limitation requirements, indicating that Aldicarb should not be used in vegetables of growth cycle shorter than 120 d. This study provided theoretical basis for dynamic behavior of Aldicarb residue and its safe use in vegetables.

Exhumation of Wistar rats experimentally exposed to the carbamate pesticides aldicarb and carbofuran: A pathological and toxicological study.[Pubmed:27020045]

Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2016 Jun;68(6):307-14.

Exhumation is required for the investigation of suspicions deaths when a body is buried and is usually performed under court order. Exhumation of animals is not a routine practice in forensic pathology. In this study, 30 male 70-day-old Wistar rats were experimentally exposed to the carbamate pesticides Aldicarb and carbofuran. Toxicological, macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed. Groups of 3 animals (2 exposed and 1 control) were evaluated at 24h, 3days, 5days, 7days and 10days post-mortem. In histopathological examination, the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys were assessed, and for toxicological analysis, the gastric contents, liver, vitreous humor, skeletal muscle and larvae (when available) were collected. The pesticides were detected by HPLC and quantified in the analyzed matrices, and a possible delay in tissue putrefaction due to the pesticides was observed. This study has revealed that it is possible to exhume animals for investigations of possible poisoning by carbamates and has demonstrated that the exhumation of an animal in a suspected case of poisoning should not be ruled out. The increasing demand for investigations of suspicious animal deaths, e.g., in cases of poisoning, will likely lead to an increase in the use of this type of procedure in veterinary pathology.

The novel nematicide wact-86 interacts with aldicarb to kill nematodes.[Pubmed:28379972]

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Apr 5;11(4):e0005502.

Parasitic nematodes negatively impact human and animal health worldwide. The market withdrawal of nematicidal agents due to unfavourable toxicities has limited the available treatment options. In principle, co-administering nematicides at lower doses along with molecules that potentiate their activity could mitigate adverse toxicities without compromising efficacy. Here, we screened for new small molecules that interact with Aldicarb, which is a highly effective treatment for plant-parasitic nematodes whose toxicity hampers its utility. From our collection of 638 worm-bioactive compounds, we identified 20 molecules that interact positively with Aldicarb to either kill or arrest the growth of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We investigated the mechanism of interaction between Aldicarb and one of these novel nematicides called wact-86. We found that the carboxylesterase enzyme GES-1 hydrolyzes wact-86, and that the interaction is manifested by Aldicarb's inhibition of wact-86's metabolism by GES-1. This work demonstrates the utility of C. elegans as a platform to search for new molecules that can positively interact with industrial nematicides, and provides proof-of-concept for prospective discovery efforts.

Death by chumbinho: aldicarb intoxication-regarding a corpse in decomposition.[Pubmed:26914800]

Int J Legal Med. 2016 Jul;130(4):981-983.

Chumbinho is the popular name given to carbamate Aldicarb (Temik), an insecticide commonly used in agriculture and highly toxic (LD50 = 0.9 mg/kg oral in rats) that has been sold clandestinely in several regions of Brazil. Chumbinho is sold illegally as raticide and is available in a formulation of small black granules which are easily mixed with food for criminal purposes, its use often being attributed to accidents and suicides, hence the importance of its inclusion in the toxicology studies of suspicious deaths. With the corpse putrefaction, many pathological and toxicological anatomical parameters are damaged or lost. This study emphasizes the importance of the gastric content observation, which in this case has, despite the advanced putrefaction, recognized the presence of chumbinho and guide its toxicological confirmation.

Aldicarb(OMS771; UC-21149) is a carbamate insecticide; is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse.

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