Genistin

Genistin is the major isoflavonoid of soybeans and soy products.

In Vitro:Genistin is the major isoflavonoid of soybeans and soy products. Genistin shows a dose-dependent superoxide scavenging effect and exhibits major effect at 200 μM, corresponding in activity to 0.08 U/mg protein superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results demonstrate that Genistin exhibits a significantly (P<0.01) and a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the human cancer cell examined, and at higher concentration (100 μM), the cell viability is 59%. Genistin also induces a significant and dose-dependent increase in ROS formation when compare with the untreated control[1].

In Vivo:Myocardial infarct is markedly diminished by pretreatment with Genistin, particularly at the high dose. After 1 h of reperfusion, preconditioning with Genistin at dosages of 20 to 60 mg/kg significantly attenuats the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) in a dose-dependent manner compare with the I/R group. Results show that the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) is decreased and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are increased as well as an increased glutathione (GSH) level in a dose-dependent manner by Genistin treatment in I/R. Pretreatment with Genistin (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) also prevents the expression of P2X7, p-IκBα, and p-NF-κB p65 compare with the model group[2].

References:
[1]. Russo A, et al. Genistin inhibits UV light-induced plasmid DNA damage and cell growth in human melanoma cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2006 Feb;17(2):103-8. [2]. Gu M, et al. Cardioprotective Effects of Genistin in Rat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Studies by Regulation of P2X7/NF-κB Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5381290.

Prevention of rat breast cancer by genistin and selenium.[Pubmed:22089659]

Toxicol Ind Health. 2012 Sep;28(8):746-57.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women and the third most common cancer. In this study, we investigated the chemoprevention efficacy of each of soy Genistin, selenium or a combination of them against breast cancer. Seventy-five female rats were divided into five groups : control group (I); 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) group (II); DMBA treated with Genistin group (III); DMBA treated with selenium group (IV); and DMBA treated with Genistin combined with selenium group (V). The treatments were daily administered for 3 months. There were a significant decrease in body weight and serum total antioxidant, while a significant elevation in serum total sialic acid, carcinoembryonic antigen, prolactin, estradiol, nitric oxide, and malondialdhyde of DMBA injected rats compared with control group. Administration of Genistin and selenium was associated with decreasing levels of tumorigenicity, endocrine derangement, and oxidative stress. Formation of breast carcinoma in DMBA-induced rats and abnormal changes were ameliorated in the rats treated with Genistin/selenium or Genistin alone. Supplementation of Genistin alone or with selenium provided antioxidant defense with high-potential chemopreventive activity against DMBA-induced mammary tumors more than selenium alone.

Effect of ultrasound assisted extraction upon the Genistin and Daidzin contents of resultant soymilk.[Pubmed:25328238]

J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Oct;51(10):2857-61.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on the contents of daidzin, Genistin, and their respective aglycones, daidzein and genistein, in resultant soymilk. Soybean slurry was exposed to ultrasound treatment, filtered, and placed in an ultrasound cleaning bath set with different frequencies (35and 130 KHz), treatment temperatures (20 and 40 degrees C), and times (20, 40, and 60 min). Concentrations for these isoflavones were determined using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated that both frequencies significantly (p < 0.05) increased isoflavone content (IC), glycosides, and aglycones in extracted soymilk. These results were attributed to induced cavitation, which increases the permeability of plant tissues. However, the frequency of 35 kHz caused a noticeably higher increase in IC than 130 kHz. Results also revealed significant increases in IC with increased sonication time (from 20 to 60 min) and with increased temperature (from 20 to 40 degrees C).

[Effect of genistin on proliferative vitreoretinopathy].[Pubmed:20693719]

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2010 Jul;35(7):749-53.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of Genistin on traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in rabbits. METHODS: Traumatic PVR was induced in pigmented rabbits by intravitreal injection of platelet rich plasma. The eyes then received an intravitreal injection of dimethyl sulfoxide (0.1 mL), 2 or 40 mug Genistin (0.1 mL), and 1 mg fluorouracil(0.1 mL), respectively to form 4 groups. The eyes were examined ophthalmoscopically on distinct days after the surgery and the stage of PVR was evaluated. The model eyes and normal eyes in the 40 mug Genistin group carried ERG test on the 28th day. All model eyes in the 4 groups were observed by light microscope on the 28th day. RESULTS: In the control eyes, the retina was detached after 10 d, the PVR had progressed to higher stages with time. In the eyes injected 40 mug Genistin or fluorouracil, the PVR also developed; however, the severity of PVR was lower than that in the control eyes. PVR was significantly inhibited in the 40 mug Genistin group compared with the control eyes after 14 d (P<0.05). Histological examination of the Genistin-treated eyes disclosed no morphological changes, and ERG analysis revealed no significant functional changes. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of Genistin is safe and effective in reducing traumatic PVR in clinical treatment.