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Wiskostatin

N-WASP inhibitor; inhibits Arp2/3 activation CAS# 253449-04-6

Wiskostatin

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Chemical structure

Wiskostatin

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Wiskostatin

Cas No. 253449-04-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 2775510 Appearance Powder
Formula C17H18Br2N2O M.Wt 426.15
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble to 100 mM in DMSO
Chemical Name 1-(3,6-dibromocarbazol-9-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol
SMILES CN(C)CC(CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Br)C3=C1C=CC(=C3)Br)O
Standard InChIKey XUBJEDZHBUPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C17H18Br2N2O/c1-20(2)9-13(22)10-21-16-5-3-11(18)7-14(16)15-8-12(19)4-6-17(15)21/h3-8,13,22H,9-10H2,1-2H3
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Wiskostatin

DescriptionInhibitor of neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) activity. Interacts with the regulatory GTPase-binding domain of N-WASP; inhibits activation of Arp2/3 complex by maintaining N-WASP in an inactive conformation. Also inhibits PIP2-induced actin polymerization (EC50 ~ 4μM).

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Wiskostatin

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.3466 mL 11.733 mL 23.4659 mL 46.9318 mL 58.6648 mL
5 mM 0.4693 mL 2.3466 mL 4.6932 mL 9.3864 mL 11.733 mL
10 mM 0.2347 mL 1.1733 mL 2.3466 mL 4.6932 mL 5.8665 mL
50 mM 0.0469 mL 0.2347 mL 0.4693 mL 0.9386 mL 1.1733 mL
100 mM 0.0235 mL 0.1173 mL 0.2347 mL 0.4693 mL 0.5866 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Wiskostatin

Inhibition of cytokinesis by wiskostatin does not rely on N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex pathway.[Pubmed:18667055]

BMC Cell Biol. 2008 Jul 30;9:42.

BACKGROUND: Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division taking place at the end of mitosis during which the cytoplasmic content and replicated chromosomes of a cell are equally partitioned between the two daughter cells. This process is achieved by the formation and the ingression of an actomyosin contractile ring under the control of equatorial microtubules. The mechanisms of contractile ring formation are not fully understood but involve recruitment of preexisting actin filaments and de novo actin polymerisation. RESULTS: In this study, we evaluated the role of the actin nucleation factor, Arp2/3 complex, during cytokinesis. We found that the Arp2/3 complex is recruited late to the cleavage furrow suggesting a potential involvement of Arp2/3 complex during this process. Furthermore, Wiskostatin a potent inhibitor of N-WASP activity towards the Arp2/3 complex blocked cytokinesis without affecting mitosis. Nonetheless, this inhibition could not be reproduced using alternative approaches targeting the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex pathway. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Wiskostatin induced defective cytokinesis does not occur through the inhibition of the N-WASP/Arp2/3 pathway. Wiskostatin is likely to either directly target other proteins required for cytokinesis progression or alternately Wiskostatin bound to N-WASP could affect the activity of other factors involved in cytokinesis.

Impact of the carbazole derivative wiskostatin on mechanical stability and dynamics of motile cells.[Pubmed:22407517]

J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2012 Jun;33(2):95-106.

Many essential functions in eukaryotic cells like phagocytosis, division, and motility rely on the dynamical properties of the actin cytoskeleton. A central player in the actin system is the Arp2/3 complex. Its activity is controlled by members of the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) family. In this work, we investigated the effect of the carbazole derivative Wiskostatin, a recently identified N-WASP inhibitor, on actin-driven processes in motile cells of the social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum. Drug-treated cells exhibited an altered morphology and strongly reduced pseudopod formation. However, TIRF microscopy images revealed that the overall cortical network structure remained intact. We probed the mechanical stability of Wiskostatin-treated cells using a microfluidic device. While the total amount of F-actin in the cells remained constant, their stiffness was strongly reduced. Furthermore, Wiskostatin treatment enhanced the resistance to fluid shear stress, while spontaneous motility as well as chemotactic motion in gradients of cAMP were reduced. Our results suggest that Wiskostatin affects the mechanical integrity of the actin cortex so that its rigidity is reduced and actin-driven force generation is impaired.

N-WASP inhibitor wiskostatin nonselectively perturbs membrane transport by decreasing cellular ATP levels.[Pubmed:17092993]

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Apr;292(4):C1562-6.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and WAVE stimulate actin-related protein (Arp)2/3-mediated actin polymerization, leading to diverse downstream effects, including the formation and remodeling of cell surface protrusions, modulation of cell migration, and intracytoplasmic propulsion of organelles and pathogens. Selective inhibitors of individual Arp2/3 activators would enable more exact dissection of WASP- and WAVE-dependent cellular pathways and are potential therapeutic targets for viral pathogenesis. Wiskostatin is a recently described chemical inhibitor that selectively inhibits neuronal WASP (N-WASP)-mediated actin polymerization in vitro. A growing number of recent studies have utilized this drug in vivo to uncover novel cellular functions for N-WASP; however, the selectivity of Wiskostatin in intact cells has not been carefully explored. In our studies with this drug, we observed rapid and dose-dependent inhibition of N-WASP-dependent membrane trafficking steps. Additionally, however, we found that addition of Wiskostatin inhibited numerous other cellular functions that are not believed to be N-WASP dependent. Further studies revealed that Wiskostatin treatment caused a rapid, profound, and irreversible decrease in cellular ATP levels, consistent with its global effects on cell function. Our data caution against the use of this drug as a selective perturbant of N-WASP-dependent actin dynamics in vivo.

N-wasp and the arp2/3 complex are critical regulators of actin in the development of dendritic spines and synapses.[Pubmed:18430734]

J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 6;283(23):15912-20.

Changes in the number, size, and shape of dendritic spines are associated with synaptic plasticity, which underlies cognitive functions such as learning and memory. This plasticity is attributed to reorganization of actin, but the molecular signals that regulate this process are poorly understood. In this study, we show neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) regulates the formation of dendritic spines and synapses in hippocampal neurons. N-WASP localized to spines and active, functional synapses as shown by loading with FM4-64 dye. Knock down of endogenous N-WASP expression by RNA interference or inhibition of its activity by treatment with a specific inhibitor, Wiskostatin, caused a significant decrease in the number of spines and excitatory synapses. Deletion of the C-terminal VCA region of N-WASP, which binds and activates the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, dramatically decreased the number of spines and synapses, suggesting activation of the Arp2/3 complex is critical for spine and synapse formation. Consistent with this, Arp3, like N-WASP, was enriched in spines and excitatory synapses and knock down of Arp3 expression impaired spine and synapse formation. A similar defect in spine and synapse formation was observed when expression of an N-WASP activator, Cdc42, was knocked down. Thus, activation of N-WASP and, subsequently, the Arp2/3 complex appears to be an important molecular signal for regulating spines and synapses. Arp2/3-mediated branching of actin could be a mechanism by which dendritic spine heads enlarge and subsequently mature. Collectively, our results point to a critical role for N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex in spine and synapse formation.

Chemical inhibition of N-WASP by stabilization of a native autoinhibited conformation.[Pubmed:15235593]

Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Aug;11(8):747-55.

Current drug discovery efforts focus primarily on proteins with defined enzymatic or small molecule binding sites. Autoregulatory domains represent attractive alternative targets for small molecule inhibitors because they also occur in noncatalytic proteins and because allosteric inhibitors may avoid specificity problems inherent in active site-directed inhibitors. We report here the identification of Wiskostatin, a chemical inhibitor of the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP). Wiskostatin interacts with a cleft in the regulatory GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of WASP in the solution structure of the complex. Wiskostatin induces folding of the isolated, unstructured GBD into its autoinhibited conformation, suggesting that Wiskostatin functions by stabilizing N-WASP in its autoinhibited state. The use of small molecules to bias conformational equilibria represents a potentially general strategy for chemical inhibition of autoinhibited proteins, even in cases where such sites have not been naturally evolved in a target.

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