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ITF2357 (Givinostat)

HDAC inhibitor CAS# 732302-99-7

ITF2357 (Givinostat)

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Chemical structure

ITF2357 (Givinostat)

3D structure

Chemical Properties of ITF2357 (Givinostat)

Cas No. 732302-99-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 9804991 Appearance Powder
Formula C24H30ClN3O5 M.Wt 475.97
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Gavinostat hydrochloride monohydrate; ITF-2357 hydrochloride monohydrate
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (210.10 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name [6-(diethylaminomethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate;hydrate;hydrochloride
SMILES CCN(CC)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO.O.Cl
Standard InChIKey FKGKZBBDJSKCIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C24H27N3O4.ClH.H2O/c1-3-27(4-2)15-17-5-7-21-14-18(6-8-20(21)13-17)16-31-24(29)25-22-11-9-19(10-12-22)23(28)26-30;;/h5-14,30H,3-4,15-16H2,1-2H3,(H,25,29)(H,26,28);1H;1H2
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of ITF2357 (Givinostat)

DescriptionGivinostat (ITF2357) is a potent inhibitor of HDAC for maize HD2, HD1B and HD1A with IC50 of 10 nM, 7.5 nM and 16 nM, respectively.
TargetsHDAC    
IC507.5 to 16 nM     

Protocol

Cell experiment: [1]

Cell lines

PBMC cells

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20°C for several months.

Reacting condition

100 nM, 24 hours for hyperacetylation

Applications

To test the acetylation ability of ITF2357, rested PBMCs were preincubated with the inhibitor for 1 h at 37° C and then stimulated with LPS. After 3, 6, and 24 h, extracts of the cell pellets were made and the acetylated lysines were determined in total cellular extracts. After 3 h of incubation with LPS in the presence of ITF2357, hyperacetylation is clearly present. However, a greater duration of hyperacetylation up to 24 h was observed in cells exposed to ITF2357.

Animal experiment: [1]

Animal models

BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice

Dosage form

Gavage, 5 mg/kg (BALB/C mice) Gavage, 1 or 10 mg/kg (C57BL/6 mice)

Application

Mice were given 100 µL water or ITF2357 (5 mg/kg) by gavage and, after 1 h, injected intravenously with 200 µg/mouse of ConA. Mice were bled 24 h later for evaluation of serum ALT levels. ITF2357 pretreatment reduced more than 80% of the ALT levels. A dose of 1 mg/kg ITF2357 was as effective as a dose of 10 mg/kg in reducing ConA hepatitis as measured by ALT levels.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

References:

[1] Leoni F, Fossati G, Lewis E C, et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Molecular Medicine, 2005, 11(1-12): 1.

ITF2357 (Givinostat) Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of ITF2357 (Givinostat)

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.101 mL 10.5049 mL 21.0097 mL 42.0195 mL 52.5243 mL
5 mM 0.4202 mL 2.101 mL 4.2019 mL 8.4039 mL 10.5049 mL
10 mM 0.2101 mL 1.0505 mL 2.101 mL 4.2019 mL 5.2524 mL
50 mM 0.042 mL 0.2101 mL 0.4202 mL 0.8404 mL 1.0505 mL
100 mM 0.021 mL 0.105 mL 0.2101 mL 0.4202 mL 0.5252 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

Research Update of ITF2357 (Givinostat)

1. Inhibition of HDAC activity by ITF2357 ameliorates joint inflammation and prevents cartilage and bone destruction in experimental arthritis. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):391-6. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00058. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
Abstract
In models of arthritis, ITF2357, an HDACi, reduced joint swelling and cell influx into the joint cavity, improved the chondrocyte metabolic function, decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, ameliorates the severity scores and prevented bone destruction.
2. Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibition by ITF2357 reduces SLE pathogenesis in vivo. Clin Immunol. 2014 Mar;151(1):29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
Abstract
ITF2357, an inhibitor of class I and II HDAC, decreased renal disease, inflammatory cytokines and Th17 phenotype in NZB/W mice; while it increased the percentage of Tregs and Foxp3 acetylation.
3. The oral histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces cytokines and protects islet β cells in vivo and in vitro. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):369-77. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00152. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
Abstract
ITF2357 is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits production of nitrite, TNFα and IFNγ in peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes. ITF2357 normalized STZ-induced hyperglycemia in mice returning serum nitrite levels to nondiabetic values, improving islet and increasing glucose clearance; while it increased islet cell viability, enhanced insulin secretion, inhibited MIP-1α and MIP-2 release, reduced nitric oxide production and decreased apoptosis rates in vitro.
4. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 decreases surface CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T-cells and monocytes and is superior to valproic acid for latent HIV-1 expression in vitro. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 May 1;54(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d3dca3.
Abstract
ITF2357, an HDAC inhibitor, has been evaluated for its efficacy on HIC-1 expression from latently infected cells and its effect on the surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR5.
5. Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in autoinflammatory syndromes. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):363-8. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00039. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
Abstract
ITF2357, an HDAC inhibitor, was used to treatment patients with autoflammatory syndrome, including 1 patient with TRAPS, 3 patients with HIDS and 4 patients with Schnitzler syndrome, in a pilot study where ITF2357-induced partial response was only observed in patients with Schnitzler syndrome.

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Background on ITF2357 (Givinostat)

ITF2357, also known as givinostat, is a potent inhibitor of both class I and class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) as well as a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic colony formation by JAKEV617F-bearing progenitor cells from chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms in vitro. Previous studies has shown that ITF2357 induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells following induction of p21 and down-modulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as the production of IL-6 and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) by mesenchymal stromal cells.

Reference

Katia Todoerti, Valentina Barbui, Olga Pedrini, Marta Linett, Gianluca Fossati, Paolo Mascagni, Alessandro Rambaldi, Antonino Neri, Martino Introna, Luigia Lombardi, and Josee Golay. Pleiotropi anti-myeloma activity of ITF2357: inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor signaling and repression of miR-19a and miR-19b. Haematologica 2010; 95(2): 260-269

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References on ITF2357 (Givinostat)

Inhibition of the Autophagy Pathway Synergistically Potentiates the Cytotoxic Activity of Givinostat (ITF2357) on Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells.[Pubmed:27833530]

Front Mol Neurosci. 2016 Oct 27;9:107.

Increasing evidence highlighted the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the development of tumor resistance to therapy, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, the development of new therapies, specifically directed against GBM CSCs, constitutes an important research avenue. Considering the extended range of cancer-related pathways modulated by histone acetylation/deacetylation processes, we studied the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic efficacy of givinostat (GVS), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, on cell cultures enriched in CSCs, isolated from nine human GBMs. We report that GVS induced a significant reduction of viability and self-renewal ability in all GBM CSC cultures; conversely, GVS exposure did not cause a significant cytotoxic activity toward differentiated GBM cells and normal mesenchymal human stem cells. Analyzing the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, we demonstrated that GVS affected CSC viability through the activation of programmed cell death pathways. In particular, a marked stimulation of macroautophagy was observed after GVS treatment. To understand the functional link between GVS treatment and autophagy activation, different genetic and pharmacological interfering strategies were used. We show that the up-regulation of the autophagy process, obtained by deprivation of growth factors, induced a reduction of CSC sensitivity to GVS, while the pharmacological inhibition of the autophagy pathway and the silencing of the key autophagy gene ATG7, increased the cell death rate induced by GVS. Altogether these findings suggest that autophagy represents a pro-survival mechanism activated by GBM CSCs to counteract the efficacy of the anti-proliferative activity of GVS. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GVS is a novel pharmacological tool able to target GBM CSC viability and its efficacy can be enhanced by autophagy inhibitory strategies.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357) exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL.[Pubmed:28331226]

Leukemia. 2017 Nov;31(11):2365-2375.

Leukemias bearing CRLF2 and JAK2 gene alterations are characterized by aberrant JAK/STAT signaling and poor prognosis. The HDAC inhibitor givinostat/ITF2357 has been shown to exert anti-neoplastic activity against both systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and myeloproliferative neoplasms through inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway. These findings led us to hypothesize that givinostat might also act against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL, which lack effective therapies. Here, we found that givinostat inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of BCP-ALL CRLF2-rearranged cell lines, positive for exon 16 JAK2 mutations. Likewise, givinostat killed primary cells, but not their normal hematopoietic counterparts, from patients carrying CRLF2 rearrangements. At low doses, givinostat downregulated the expression of genes belonging to the JAK/STAT pathway and inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation. In vivo, givinostat significantly reduced engraftment of human blasts in patient-derived xenograft models of CRLF2-positive BCP-ALL. Importantly, givinostat killed ruxolitinib-resistant cells and potentiated the effect of current chemotherapy. Thus, givinostat in combination with conventional chemotherapy may represent an effective therapeutic option for these difficult-to-treat subsets of ALL. Lastly, the selective killing of cancer cells by givinostat may allow the design of reduced intensity regimens in CRLF2-rearranged Down syndrome-associated BCP-ALL patients with an overall benefit in terms of both toxicity and related complications.

Pharmacokinetics, safety and inducible cytokine responses during a phase 1 trial of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 (givinostat).[Pubmed:21365126]

Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):353-62.

ITF2357 (Givinostat) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with antiinflammatory properties at low nanomolar concentrations. We report here a phase I safety and pharmacokinetics trial in healthy males administered 50, 100, 200, 400 or 600 mg orally. After 50 mg, mean maximal plasma concentrations reached 104 nmol/L 2 h after dosing, with a half-life of 6.9 h. After 100 mg, maximal concentration reached 199 nmol/L at 2.1 h with a half-life of 6.0 h. Repeat doses for 7 consecutive days of 50, 100 or 200 mg resulted in nearly the same kinetics. There were no serious adverse effects (AEs) and no organ toxicities. However, there was a dose-dependent but transient fall in platelets. After 7 daily doses of 50 or 100 mg, the mean decrease in platelets of 17 and 25% was not statistically significant and returned to baseline within 14 d. Blood removed from the subjects after oral dosing was cultured ex vivo with endotoxin, and the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-1Ra, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 was determined. Maximal reduction in IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-6 and IFNgamma was observed 4 h after dosing but returned to baseline at 12 h. There was no significant reduction in IL-1Ra or IL-10. With daily dosing, the fall in cytokine production in blood cultures observed on day 7 was nearly the same as that of the first day. We conclude that dosing of 50 or 100 mg ITF2357 is safe in healthy humans and transiently but repeatedly reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines without affecting production of antiinflammatory cytokines.

Description

Givinostat hydrochloride monohydrate (ITF-2357 hydrochloride monohydrate) is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 198 and 157 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively.

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