MNI caged kainic acidCAS# 1315378-75-6 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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| Cas No. | 1315378-75-6 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 57414719 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C19H23N3O6 | M.Wt | 389.4 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | Soluble to 5 mM in water with gentle warming and to 100 mM in DMSO | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S,3S,4S)-3-[2-(4-methoxy-7-nitro-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-4-prop-1-en-2-ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | ||
| SMILES | CC(=C)C1CNC(C1CC(=O)N2CCC3=C(C=CC(=C32)[N+](=O)[O-])OC)C(=O)O | ||
| Standard InChIKey | IQGCUMUIYXHZOT-AHIWAGSCSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C19H23N3O6/c1-10(2)13-9-20-17(19(24)25)12(13)8-16(23)21-7-6-11-15(28-3)5-4-14(18(11)21)22(26)27/h4-5,12-13,17,20H,1,6-9H2,2-3H3,(H,24,25)/t12-,13+,17-/m0/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Kainic acid caged with the photosensitive 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl group. Generates large inward currents at resting membrane potential upon wide field photolysis in Purkinje neurons. |
MNI caged kainic acid Dilution Calculator
MNI caged kainic acid Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5681 mL | 12.8403 mL | 25.6805 mL | 51.3611 mL | 64.2013 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5136 mL | 2.5681 mL | 5.1361 mL | 10.2722 mL | 12.8403 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2568 mL | 1.284 mL | 2.5681 mL | 5.1361 mL | 6.4201 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0514 mL | 0.2568 mL | 0.5136 mL | 1.0272 mL | 1.284 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0257 mL | 0.1284 mL | 0.2568 mL | 0.5136 mL | 0.642 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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New caged neurotransmitter analogs selective for glutamate receptor sub-types based on methoxynitroindoline and nitrophenylethoxycarbonyl caging groups.[Pubmed:22609535]
Neuropharmacology. 2012 Sep;63(4):624-34.
Photolysis is widely used in experimental neuroscience to isolate post-synaptic receptor activation from presynaptic processes, to determine receptor mechanisms in situ, for pharmacological dissection of signaling pathways, or for photostimulation/inhibition in neural networks. We have evaluated new caged neuroactive amino acids that use 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl- (MNI) or 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (NPEC) photoprotecting groups to make caged ligands specific for glutamate receptor sub-types. Each was tested for interference with synaptic transmission and excitability and for receptor-specific actions in slice preparations. No adverse effects were found at glutamate receptors. At high concentration, MNI-caged, but not NPEC-caged ligands, interfered with GABA-ergic transmission. MNI-caged amino acids have sub-microsecond release times suitable for investigating mechanisms at fast synaptic receptors in situ. MNI-NMDA and MNI-kainate were synthesized and tested. MNI-NMDA showed stoichiometric release of chirally pure NMDA. Wide-field photolysis in cerebellar interneurons produced a fast-rising sustained activation of NMDA receptors, and localized laser photolysis gave a fast, transient response. Photolysis of MNI-kainate to release up to 4 muM kainate generated large inward currents at resting membrane potential in Purkinje neurons. Application of GYKI 53655 indicated that 40% of the current was due to AMPA receptor activation by kainate. Signaling via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) does not require fast release rates. NPEC cages are simpler to prepare but have slower photorelease. Photolysis of NPEC-ACPD or NPEC-DHPG in Purkinje neurons generated slow inward currents blocked by the mGluR type 1 antagonist CPCCOEt similar to the slow sEPSC seen with parallel fiber burst stimulation. NPEC-AMPA was also tested in Purkinje neurons and showed large sustained inward currents selective for AMPA receptors with little activation of kainate receptors. MNI-caged l-glutamate, NMDA and kainate inhibit GABA-A receptors with IC(5)(0) concentrations close to the maximum concentrations useful in receptor signaling experiments.
New caged neurotransmitter analogs selective for glutamate receptor sub-types based on methoxynitroindoline and nitrophenylethoxycarbonyl caging groups.[Pubmed:22609535]
Neuropharmacology. 2012 Sep;63(4):624-34.
Photolysis is widely used in experimental neuroscience to isolate post-synaptic receptor activation from presynaptic processes, to determine receptor mechanisms in situ, for pharmacological dissection of signaling pathways, or for photostimulation/inhibition in neural networks. We have evaluated new caged neuroactive amino acids that use 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl- (MNI) or 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (NPEC) photoprotecting groups to make caged ligands specific for glutamate receptor sub-types. Each was tested for interference with synaptic transmission and excitability and for receptor-specific actions in slice preparations. No adverse effects were found at glutamate receptors. At high concentration, MNI-caged, but not NPEC-caged ligands, interfered with GABA-ergic transmission. MNI-caged amino acids have sub-microsecond release times suitable for investigating mechanisms at fast synaptic receptors in situ. MNI-NMDA and MNI-kainate were synthesized and tested. MNI-NMDA showed stoichiometric release of chirally pure NMDA. Wide-field photolysis in cerebellar interneurons produced a fast-rising sustained activation of NMDA receptors, and localized laser photolysis gave a fast, transient response. Photolysis of MNI-kainate to release up to 4 muM kainate generated large inward currents at resting membrane potential in Purkinje neurons. Application of GYKI 53655 indicated that 40% of the current was due to AMPA receptor activation by kainate. Signaling via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) does not require fast release rates. NPEC cages are simpler to prepare but have slower photorelease. Photolysis of NPEC-ACPD or NPEC-DHPG in Purkinje neurons generated slow inward currents blocked by the mGluR type 1 antagonist CPCCOEt similar to the slow sEPSC seen with parallel fiber burst stimulation. NPEC-AMPA was also tested in Purkinje neurons and showed large sustained inward currents selective for AMPA receptors with little activation of kainate receptors. MNI-caged l-glutamate, NMDA and kainate inhibit GABA-A receptors with IC(5)(0) concentrations close to the maximum concentrations useful in receptor signaling experiments.
Comparative analysis of inhibitory effects of caged ligands for the NMDA receptor.[Pubmed:15652611]
J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Mar 15;142(1):1-9.
Photolytic release of neurotransmitters from caged precursors is a useful method to study synaptic processes with high temporal and spatial resolution. At present, the two most widely used classes of caged precursors for studies on glutamate receptors are based on derivatives of the 2-nitrobenzyl caging group (alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl, CNB) and the nitroindoline caging group (7-nitroindoline, NI, and 4-methoxy-7-nitroindoline, MNI). Besides NI- and MNI-caged amino acids being thermally more stable than the CNB-caged amino acids, there have been no other major advantages reported of using compounds from either of these two classes. Here, we show inhibitory effects of CNB-glutamate and a number of other CNB-caged agonists on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors at non-saturating concentrations of the co-agonist glycine. In contrast, NI- and MNI-glutamate and most other NI-/MNI-caged agonists that we tested were inert under these conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carboxynitroindoline-caged glycine (CNI-glycine), which was previously found to inhibit glycine receptors, has no such effect on NMDA receptors. Together, these findings underline the usefulness of NI- and MNI-caged ligands and show that CNB-caged compounds should be avoided in studies involving NMDA receptors.
