Neuromedin U (rat)Endogenous modulator of blood pressure and flow, gut ion transport, feeding and body temperature CAS# 117505-80-3 |
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| Cas No. | 117505-80-3 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 71311710 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C124H180N34O31 | M.Wt | 2643 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | H2O Peptide Solubility and Storage Guidelines: 1. Calculate the length of the peptide. 2. Calculate the overall charge of the entire peptide according to the following table: 3. Recommended solution: | ||
| Sequence | YKVNEYQGPVAPSGGFFLFRPRN (Modifications: Asn-23 = C-terminal amide) | ||
| SMILES | CC(C)CC(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C5CCCN5C(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C6CCCN6C(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC8=CC=C(C=C8)O)N | ||
| Standard InChIKey | YYDRKWCPVLDJJD-XOXVDEAXSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C124H180N34O31/c1-66(2)54-84(110(177)150-86(57-71-26-13-9-14-27-71)113(180)146-82(32-20-50-136-124(133)134)122(189)158-53-23-35-93(158)116(183)145-79(31-19-49-135-123(131)132)107(174)147-83(103(130)170)60-95(128)163)148-114(181)87(58-72-28-15-10-16-29-72)151-111(178)85(56-70-24-11-8-12-25-70)141-98(166)63-137-97(165)62-138-106(173)90(65-159)153-117(184)92-34-22-52-157(92)121(188)69(7)140-119(186)101(67(3)4)155-118(185)91-33-21-51-156(91)99(167)64-139-105(172)80(44-46-94(127)162)143-112(179)88(59-74-38-42-76(161)43-39-74)149-108(175)81(45-47-100(168)169)144-115(182)89(61-96(129)164)152-120(187)102(68(5)6)154-109(176)78(30-17-18-48-125)142-104(171)77(126)55-73-36-40-75(160)41-37-73/h8-16,24-29,36-43,66-69,77-93,101-102,159-161H,17-23,30-35,44-65,125-126H2,1-7H3,(H2,127,162)(H2,128,163)(H2,129,164)(H2,130,170)(H,137,165)(H,138,173)(H,139,172)(H,140,186)(H,141,166)(H,142,171)(H,143,179)(H,144,182)(H,145,183)(H,146,180)(H,147,174)(H,148,181)(H,149,175)(H,150,177)(H,151,178)(H,152,187)(H,153,184)(H,154,176)(H,155,185)(H,168,169)(H4,131,132,135)(H4,133,134,136)/t69-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,84-,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,101-,102-/m0/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Endogenous peptide regulating blood pressure, ion transport in the gut, mesenteric blood flow and adrenocortical function. Also decreases food intake and body weight, increases body temperature and heat production, and inhibits gastric acid secretion via the CRH system following central administration in vivo. |
Neuromedin U (rat) Dilution Calculator
Neuromedin U (rat) Molarity Calculator
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Corticotrophin-releasing factor inhibits neuromedin U mRNA expressing neuron in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in vitro.[Pubmed:22306094]
Neurosci Lett. 2012 Mar 9;511(2):79-83.
In the present study, we examined the effects of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) on neuromedin U (NMU) mRNA-expressing neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-cell RT-mPCR) techniques. In total, of 116 PVN putative parvocellular neurons screened for NMU mRNA, 14.7% (17/116) of them expressed NMU mRNA. The electrophysiological properties observed in the NMU mRNA-expressing neurons were generation of a low-threshold Ca(2+) spike (LTS) and robust low voltage-activated (T-type) Ca(2+) currents. Under current-clamp conditions, CRF (100 nM) induced a reversible decrease in spike firing and significantly diminished the LTS in 88.2% (15/17) of NMU mRNA-expressing neurons. Extracellular application of 1 muM alpha-helical CRF-(9-14) (alpha-hCRF), a selective CRF receptor antagonist, completely blocked the CRF-induced decrease in spike firing in the NMU mRNA-expressing neurons. Under voltage-clamp conditions, CRF (100 nM) significantly decreased the peak value of the T-type Ca(2+) currents by 35.6+/-7.8%. These findings suggest that CRF decreases neuronal excitability and diminishes T-type Ca(2+) currents in a population of rat PVN NMU phenotype neurons in vitro.
Functional genomics of the rat neuromedin U receptor 1 reveals a naturally occurring deleterious allele.[Pubmed:23212943]
Physiol Genomics. 2013 Jan 15;45(2):89-97.
Neuromedin U (NMU) plays an important role in a number of physiological processes, but the relative contribution of its two known receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, is still poorly understood. Here we report the existence of a SNP T(1022)-->A (Val(341)-->Glu) in the third exon of the rat Nmur1 gene that leads to an inactive receptor. This SNP is present within the coding region of the highly conserved NPXXY motif found within all class A type G protein-coupled receptors and translates to an NMUR1 receptor that is not expressed on the cell surface. Genetic analysis of the Nmur1 gene in a population of Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that this strain is highly heterogeneous for the inactivating polymorphism. The loss of functional NMUR1 receptors in Sprague-Dawley rats homozygous for the inactive allele was confirmed by radioligand binding studies on native tissue expressing NMUR1. The physiological relevance of this functional genomics finding was examined in two nociceptive response models. The pronociceptive effects of NMU were abolished in rats lacking functional NMUR1 receptors. The existence of naturally occurring NMUR1-deficient rats provides a novel and powerful tool to investigate the physiological role of NMU and its receptors. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of verifying the NMUR1 single nucleotide polymorphism status for rats used in physiological, pharmacological or toxicological studies conducted with NMUR1 modulators.
Neuromedin U causes biphasic cardiovascular effects and impairs baroreflex function in rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rat.[Pubmed:23538213]
Peptides. 2013 Jun;44:15-24.
Neuromedin U (NMU) causes biphasic cardiovascular and sympathetic responses and attenuates adaptive reflexes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and spinal cord in normotensive animal. However, the role of NMU in the pathogenesis of hypertension is unknown. The effect of NMU on baseline cardiorespiratory variables in the RVLM and spinal cord were investigated in urethane-anaesthetized, vagotomized and artificially ventilated male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Experiments were also conducted to determine the effects of NMU on somatosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes in the RVLM of SHR and WKY. NMU injected into the RVLM and spinal cord elicited biphasic response, a brief pressor and sympathoexcitatory response followed by a prolonged depressor and sympathoinhibitory response in both hypertensive and normotensive rat models. The pressor, sympathoexcitatory and sympathoinhibitory responses evoked by NMU were exaggerated in SHR. Phrenic nerve amplitude was also increased following intrathecal or microinjection of NMU into the RVLM of both strains. NMU injection into the RVLM attenuated the somatosympathetic reflex in both SHR and WKY. Baroreflex sensitivity was impaired in SHR at baseline and further impaired following NMU injection into the RVLM. NMU did not affect baroreflex activity in WKY. The present study provides functional evidence that NMU can have an important effect on the cardiovascular and reflex responses that are integrated in the RVLM and spinal cord. A role for NMU in the development and maintenance of essential hypertension remains to be determined.
Negative regulation of neuromedin U mRNA expression in the rat pars tuberalis by melatonin.[Pubmed:23843987]
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 2;8(7):e67118.
The pars tuberalis (PT) is part of the anterior pituitary gland surrounding the median eminence as a thin cell layer. The characteristics of PT differ from those of the pars distalis (PD), such as cell composition and gene expression, suggesting that the PT has a unique physiological function compared to the PD. Because the PT highly expresses melatonin receptor type 1, it is considered a mediator of seasonal and/or circadian signals of melatonin. Expression of neuromedin U (NMU) that is known to regulate energy balance has been previously reported in the rat PT; however, the regulatory mechanism of NMU mRNA expression and secretion in the PT are still obscure. In this study, we examined both the diurnal change of NMU mRNA expression in the rat PT and the effects of melatonin on NMU in vivo. In situ hybridization and quantitative PCR analysis of laser microdissected PT samples revealed that NMU mRNA expression in the PT has diurnal variation that is high during the light phase and low during the dark phase. Furthermore, melatonin administration significantly suppressed NMU mRNA expression in the PT in vivo. On the other hand, 48 h fasting did not have an effect on PT-NMU mRNA expression, and the diurnal change of NMU mRNA expression was maintained. We also found the highest expression of neuromedin U receptor type 2 (NMUR2) mRNA in the third ventricle ependymal cell layer, followed by the arcuate nucleus and the spinal cord. These results suggest that NMU mRNA expression in the PT is downregulated by melatonin during the dark phase and shows diurnal change. Considering that NMU mRNA in the PT showed the highest expression level in the brain, PT-NMU may act on NMUR2 in the brain, especially in the third ventricle ependymal cell layer, with a circadian rhythm.
Neuromedin U acts in the central nervous system to inhibit gastric acid secretion via CRH system.[Pubmed:12584108]
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jun;284(6):G963-9.
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses. NMU, when administered intracerebroventricularly, decreases food intake and body weight while increasing body temperature and heat production. In addition, NMU, acting via the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system, induces gross locomotor activity and stress responses. We studied the effect of intracerebroventricularly administered NMU (0.5-4 nmol) in the regulation of gastric functions in conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of NMU significantly decreased gastric acid output to 30-60% and gastric emptying to 35-70% in a dose-dependent manner. Vagotomy did not abolish the inhibitory effect of NMU on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, also did not affect NMU-induced acid inhibition. Pretreatment with anti-CRH IgG (1 microg/rat), however, completely blocked NMU-induced acid inhibition (P < 0.01). Administration of yohimbine (4 mg/kg), an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, also abolished NMU-induced acid inhibition (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that NMU is critical in the central regulation of gastric acid secretion via CRH.
Neuromedin U is a potent agonist at the orphan G protein-coupled receptor FM3.[Pubmed:10811630]
J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 7;275(27):20247-50.
Neuromedins are a family of peptides best known for their contractile activity on smooth muscle preparations. The biological mechanism of action of neuromedin U remains unknown, despite the fact that the peptide was first isolated in 1985. Here we show that neuromedin U potently activates the orphan G protein-coupled receptor FM3, with subnanomolar potency, when FM3 is transiently expressed in human HEK-293 cells. Neuromedins B, C, K, and N are all inactive at this receptor. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of neuromedin U expression in a range of human tissues showed that the peptide is highly expressed in the intestine, pituitary, and bone marrow, with lower levels of expression seen in stomach, adipose tissue, lymphocytes, spleen, and the cortex. Similar analysis of FM3 expression showed that the receptor is widely expressed in human tissue with highest levels seen in adipose tissue, intestine, spleen, and lymphocytes, suggesting that neuromedin U may have a wide range of presently undetermined physiological effects. The discovery that neuromedin U is an endogenous agonist for FM3 will significantly aid the study of the full physiological role of this peptide.
