GSK1292263

GSK1292263 is a novel agonist of GPR119 receptor agonist and is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

GPR119 is described as a class A (rhodopsin-type) orphan GPCR with no close primary sequence relative in the human genome. The activation of GPR119 increases the intracellular accumulation of cAMP, resulting in enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and increased release of the gut peptides GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) and PYY (polypeptide YY).

In vitro, GSK1292263 treatment displayed little inhibition towards CYPs (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4), p-GP, OATP1B3, or OCT2. However, GSK1292263 inhibited BCRP and OATP1B1, which are transporters involved in statin disposition 1.

In the glucose tolerance test in rats, administration of GSK-1292263 significantly increases the peak insulin response and insulin AUC (0-15 min) as compared with the values in the vehicle control. The upregulation of insulin was found to correlate with an increase in the glucose disposal rate. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, GSK-1292263 administration on Sprague-Dawley rats at dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg 2 hours prior to insulin infusion can promote glucagon secretion with no increase of blood glucose levels 2.

References:
1.  Polli JW, Hussey E, Bush M, et al. Evaluation of drug interactions of GSK1292263 (a GPR119 agonist) with statins: from in vitro data to clinical study design. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2013;43(6):498-508.
2.  Zhu X, Huang D, Lan X, et al. The first pharmacophore model for potent G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2011;46(7):2901-2907.

Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies.[Pubmed:24699248]

PLoS One. 2014 Apr 3;9(4):e92494.

UNLABELLED: GPR119 receptor agonists improve glucose metabolism and alter gut hormone profiles in animal models and healthy subjects. We therefore investigated the pharmacology of GSK1292263 (GSK263), a selective GPR119 agonist, in two randomized, placebo-controlled studies that enrolled subjects with type 2 diabetes. Study 1 had drug-naive subjects or subjects who had stopped their diabetic medications, and Study 2 had subjects taking metformin. GSK263 was administered as single (25-800 mg; n = 45) or multiple doses (100-600 mg/day for 14 days; n = 96). Placebo and sitagliptin 100 mg/day were administered as comparators. In Study 1, sitagliptin was co-administered with GSK263 or placebo on Day 14 of dosing. Oral glucose and meal challenges were used to assess the effects on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). After 13 days of dosing, GSK263 significantly increased plasma total PYY levels by approximately five-fold compared with placebo, reaching peak concentrations of approximately 50 pM after each of the three standardized meals with the 300 mg BID dose. Co-dosing of GSK263 and metformin augmented peak concentrations to approximately 100 pM at lunchtime. GSK263 had no effect on active or total GLP-1 or GIP, but co-dosing with metformin increased post-prandial total GLP-1, with little effect on active GLP-1. Sitagliptin increased active GLP-1, but caused a profound suppression of total PYY, GLP-1, and GIP when dosed alone or with GSK263. This suppression of peptides was reduced when sitagliptin was co-dosed with metformin. GSK263 had no significant effect on circulating glucose, insulin, C-peptide or glucagon levels. We conclude that GSK263 did not improve glucose control in type 2 diabetics, but it had profound effects on circulating PYY. The gut hormone effects of this GPR119 agonist were modulated when co-dosed with metformin and sitagliptin. Metformin may modulate negative feedback loops controlling the secretion of enteroendocrine peptides. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01119846 Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01128621.

Evaluation of drug interactions of GSK1292263 (a GPR119 agonist) with statins: from in vitro data to clinical study design.[Pubmed:23256625]

Xenobiotica. 2013 Jun;43(6):498-508.

1. This work investigated the drug interaction potential of GSK1292263, a novel GPR119 agonist, with the HMG-coA reductase inhibitors simvastatin and rosuvastatin. 2. In vitro experiments assessed the inhibition of transporters and CYP enzymes by GSK1292263, and a clinical drug interaction study investigated the effect of GSK1292263 (300 mg BID) on the pharmacokinetic profile of simvastatin (40 mg single dose) and rosuvastatin (10 mg single dose). 3. In vitro, GSK1292263 demonstrated little/weak inhibition (IC50 values >30 muM) towards CYPs (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4), Pgp, OATP1B3, or OCT2. However, GSK1292263 inhibited BCRP and OATP1B1, which are transporters involved in statin disposition. 4. In the clinical study, small increases in the AUC(0-inf) of simvastatin [mean ratio (90% CI) of 1.34 (1.22, 1.48)] and rosuvastatin [mean ratio (90% CI) of 1.39 (1.30, 1.49)] were observed when co-administered with GSK1292263, which is consistent with an inhibitory effect on intestinal BCRP and CYP3A4. In contrast, GSK1292263 did not inhibit OATP1B1 based on the lack of changes in simvastatin acid exposure [mean AUC(0-inf) ratio (90% CI) of 1.05 (0.91, 1.21)]. 5. GSK1292263 has a weak drug interaction with simvastatin and rosuvastain. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the in vivo inhibition of transporters and enzymes by GSK1292263.